Basic networking. Using Word, "bold edit" in your answers. Name:_______________________________ Windows XP and 7 call the cabled network "Local area connection": Windows 8 calls it "Connections" and "Ethernet" (which is the correct term). Wireless is called "WiFi" in 8. various ways to get to it: XP: "Local area connection" icon in System tray if it's there. Start | Control Panel | Network [and Sharing] Connections | Local area connection Start | My Network Places | View network connections | Local area connection Start | Settings | Network Connections | Local area connection Start | Connect to | Show all connections | Local area connection Start |All Programs | Accessories | Communications | Network Connections... Windows 7: Start | Control Panel | Network and Sharing Center | Change Adapter Settings | Local Area Connection networking icon in System tray if it's there. Windows 8: right-click networking icon in System tray, choose "Open Network and Sharing Center" Mac has some equivalent... [ To get the network icon into the System tray: XP: Click Properties. In the Properties window, click on the "Show icon in notification area when connected". OK it. See the resulting networking icon in the system tray of the task bar. Hover the mouse over it. Click it, the fastest way to get to Local Area Connection Status. 7/8: Control Panel | Notification Area Icons ... ] Status: _______ or 7/8: Media State:_____________ Speed: _______ Ethernet runs at 10, 100, or 1000 Mbps (million bits per seconds) Wireless speeds are more variable. XP: #packets sent: _______ #packets received: _______ All data/information/messages travel in bundles called packets. 7/8: #bytes sent: ____________ #bytes received: ____________ A wireless connection shows Signal Strength bars:___________ and on Windows 7/8 SSID:__________________ Details... Address type: __________________ using DHCP the computer will get its networking configuration automatically from the network. 7/8: DHCP Enabled:_______ IP address: ____________ (7/8: IPv4 Address) each computer will have a different IP address. Subnet mask: ____________ used with IP address to determine network address. Default gateway: ____________ IP address of the router that this computer sends packets that need to go to another network DNS server(s): _____________________________ IP address of computer that provides a DNS name to IP address translation service. Physical address: _______________________ also known as MAC address. Used for intra-LAN communication. DHCP server: ______________________ IP address of the computer that gave this computer its networking configuration. Lease obtained: _____________________ Lease expires: _____________________ so the lease is valid for how long:_______ the DHCP networking configuration is valid only for a certain amount of time. 7/8: Description:________________________________________________ the hardware/chip I/O (peripheral) device that does the networking on your computer. Run the Windows Command Prompt (CMD): Start | Run | cmd Start | All Programs | Accesories | Command Prompt 8: Start | Windows System group | Command Prompt Some of the lab computers don't allow use of CMD, so ask the lab monitor to log you into the Admin account. 'ping' sends an ICMP Echo Request to, and gets ICMP Echo Response from, a computer/node/host. ping is the basic networking troubleshooting tool. You can use it to track down a problem by starting at the computer and moving progressively outward. Can the computer communicate with another computer on the LAN? Ping your neighbor's computer by its IP address (ask your neighbor what his/her IP address is): ___________________ What is the average amount of time each ping takes:_______________ Some firewalls are set to block incoming pings. :( In the classroom, ping your instructor's computer, it responds. Ping times:________ In the lab, ping 192.168.TBD.TBD :________________ Ping the default gateway by its IP address. What is the amount of time each ping takes:_______________ Find out the IP address of the lab's laser printer by Start | Settings | Printers and Faxes | Properties of printerNameHere | Ports | Standard TCP/IP port 8: Control Panel | Devices and Printers | rt. click, Printer properties " " widen the Port column to see IP_ which is the IP address:________________ or, if it's not showing an IP address, try 192.168.1.101 Ping it. What is the amount of time each ping takes:_______________ Ping a DNS server to see if it responds. What is the average ping time for them:_____________ Ping can work with domain names. The domain name must first be translated by a DNS server into its IP address. Your computer first sends a request to the DNS server, it responds with the IP address, then you send to that IP address. This translation happens automatically for every message sent to a (new, non-cached) DNS name. ping www.yahoo.com What is the average ping time for it:_____________ What is the "real name" (its IP address) of www.yahoo.com:______________ Ping a site that exists but doesn't respond to the pings. ping www.bpl.org It exists because it has a IP address:______________ ping www.louvre.fr Ping times:___________ What's a long time to ping? ping www.cenpac.net.nr If that doesn't work, try ping dns1.cenpac.net.nr nr is the country code for Nauru, an island nation out in the Pacific, What is the Average time:____________________________ It's using a satellite link, which are slow. ping www.anadyr.ru in Siberia, usually is slow: Average time____________________ These two places are about as far away from us in the world, almost one second. What's the route a packet takes across the Internet? tracert www.yahoo.com The tracert command shows the times to go to each router along the route from your computer to the destination. Each router along the path makes the decision of where to send the incoming to. the first hop is the default gateway. Subsequent hops are maybe in your local internetwork, then to your ISP's internetwork, then into the Internet. *'s and "Request timed out" indicates blocking of the tracert messages and you might as well stop the tracert command by Ctrl-C. Unfortuneately we are at the mercy of organizations that block tracert, so you'll have to do these at home, office, or thru your smart phone. Paste tracert to yahoo.com:______________ . . The big gap between hops x or x+1 is the traversal under the Pacific on a fiber optic cable, which alone takes approximately ______________ ms. Might also cross the USA in one jump: tracert www.nypl.org (New York Public Library) No, it's got a mirror in Tokyo... tracert www.bpl.org (Boston Public Library) Paste tracert to it:__________ . . Goes from your computer to default gateway, to several routers at your ISP in town or base(seems like and probably) these are the hops that are 15 ms away, then to Tokyo and more routers (50 ms), then jumps the puddle to West coast and more routers, then jumps to East coast or maybe goes indirectly,... Paste the tracert to www.louvre.fr . . Notice that some routers have names instead of only IP addresses. The names can give a clue of where the router is or the network provider (the Internet's backbones), any examples: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ tracert www.cenpac.net.nr Which hop is the satellite link and how much time does it (that hop) take:________________ tracert www.anadyr.ru Is this taking the direct route to Siberia or is it going more than all around the world:______________